Let me first say that I am still learning about this hazard and why it is so dangerous.
Polyurethane foam is used as an insulating material. More info on it’s uses here. The danger is when you spray it (think: expandable type), or apply it, or cut/remove it after it’s cured. The danger is in the off-gassing.
There are two main considerations:
- the process of applying the foam
- spray type
- quantity?,
- ventilation?
- the type (manufacturer/brand/type) of foam
- curing rate,
- type of hazard, etc.
What we know is that there is a hazard. AND, this hazard may not effect everyone, OR, it may not effect you until some time has gone by. But, some of the chemicals in these types of products include:
- isocyanates (people can die, and get asthma), and it is a OSHA Emphasis Program, and OSHA page here
- amines
- VOCs (volatile organic chemicals)
- flame retardants (PBTs)
- Blowing agents (EPA link)
There is a huge potential for work related asthma when using these types of products. And, even contact with the skin can trigger an allergic response/asthma attack. If you have employees working around this type of product and have ANY respiratory symptoms (or asthma), please have them checked by an occupational medicine doctor.
Control of this hazard should include:
- PPE for employees (respiratory, eye, & skin protection)
- ventilation during application
- ventilation during off-gassing & curing (can be 72 hours)
- control plan for spills, cutting & demo
- control plan for employee/occupants with asthma
The EPA has a quick reference card here (hat tip to Tom), and more detail from the EPA on how to control the hazard here. The Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance has free training here (haven’t checked it out though), and be mindful that anyone can be an instructor (good & bad).